Cheers for the Xu

 Secondary language and students pay as much, in the end received only The buck fell. I opened this article is precisely to confuse the people of this layer curtain. Let me be clear that examination system is not caused by the passive situation of today's language teaching, language teaching do not go in the final analysis is the language of their own community lack of theoretical understanding of teaching, in other words, people can not be rational teaching.
my evaluation of this is based on the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, , he warned that any rational behavior in its action in the face of the object of study is not allowed to know of its existence when the left under too much Why r Liu Yudi. . and our language teaching is precisely the phenomenon of face-specific language in the Conclusion mm and do not think it copied from a teaching reference things tell students that language teaching is kind of teacher-student interaction. the general language teachers to face the phenomenon of a particular language, they do not know how to reason on It is based on the reality of this problem exists, I am here to propose a new concept explicitly mm should focus on It can very well fill a particular language phenomenon particular organism in the process of things that constitute the various elements of each other, interaction of movement constitute the world. So, Engels, body. As the world consisting of a small part of the mm mm of language teaching is the one we teach a specific text, and research into their actual existence as a possible build process and what the process may generate. Why said to be A. If our language teaching into such a good teaching is bound to be a meaningful process of teaching. It is clear that the I never waste my energy. Or a lot of people? The reason I am afraid that is not a problem with the teachers to the problem as a problem has a lot to teach. We taught the language of too many useless things, a waste of valuable time children. To illustrate this point, Let me explain how to analyze a teacher of Mao Zedong , subjective study of history who do not pay attention, and make us look lively and funny. with , doctrinaire, ignorant, dogmatic, very image, the profound, but also very concise. (see Volume II high school language not how language features are characteristic of these languages to learn to use language skills, the object of direct dialogue is the article, the author, and discuss the contents of the mm work language of the is said to have a certain quality of beauty, but did not say how the quality of this beauty generated, did not rise to the level of methodology. It does not make sense for students. because The so-called analysis, the limited time in this article are operating a unique sense of sentence structure and exercises. I do not speak the characteristics of those superficial and meaningless evaluation, but starting from the language practice, the use of their language The so-called linguistic analysis of discourse should be generated from the unique way the statement Expounding the realm of language and effective method of operation, so that students have some characteristics in the taste of the language features in the understanding of language use to produce this law. To this end, I learned from our learning, antonym share. listen: pilot error is often correct.
We often say exclusion or struggle; so-called On the contrary, but if a correct understanding of the lessons of mistakes, errors may be transformed to promote the success factors, The consistency in a sentence is generated, each cross was Akira, a charm.
Imitation:
cleverness is often a big stupid show.
addicted to the joy the pain of failure is often brewed.
See, I imitate the format of Mao Zedong made antonym sentences shared those words do not have a lot of flavor?
rules of language use and second, overlapping with the predicate mm. listen: There is no investigation, no right to speak.
so-called ; predicate stacked with that the not only has stressed the role, but also textual compact and powerful, with a sense of rhythm.
Imitation:
say in a survey there.
lost lost ideals to advance the goal.
the language of the third means used in conjunction with the use of laws mm. sentences: style, still in my many comrades in the party continue to exist.
so-called form a focal point, highlight the semantics, the potential to strengthen language. If you, too, the sex show, show, impractical, it is the language teaching profession is common to observe the phenomenon, it has been surprised by.
perfunctory, and just in our ranks of monks ringing bells are not serious or major Some people in the. These are my current interpretation of language arts lessons language community called purport to have speculative, there are practical purport) converge to the following three questions: 1. I can know? 2. I should do? 3. What may I hope? language teaching, for example, that language in front of me in the negative, there is no full use of educational resources to students, After analyzing the language do not know > mm are descendants of the this as an interesting experiment, please read the following
bribe Qin and force losses, burst of the road also. thinking first grandfather sharp frost and dew Jue, thorns cut to a size of the land; children and grandchildren, as the less pity, to give to people such as the abandoned apple mustard. today cut five cities, ten cities cut tomorrow, and then get overnight Anqin; from as coasts, and Chi and Zhi Yi. What, then lords of the land is limited, Baoqin of insatiable desire, Feng indemnity complex, and invasion of the more urgent, it is real victory without fighting strength has been sentenced to carry on. Therefore, the Qin to invade, the small ones will be eup, is too big city, compared with over the proceeds derived from the Qin were, in fact, a hundred times; lords of death and the defeat of the Dead In fact, also a hundred times. the great desire of the Qin Dynasty, the feudal lords of the scourge, not war carry on. As for subversion, Li Gu Yi Ran. Our forefathers, in order to Shi Qin, Utah Baoxinjiuhuo; pay endless, eternal fire. The remark was, twenty years before: Jiang Yuan lost, alone can not finish. > Yan, Zhao Jun, beginning as far away slightly, to keep their land, meaning no bribe Qin. the actual occurrence, and Yan, although a small country and then killed, the Sri Lankan military forces effect also; to Dan to Jingqing for the design, start-speed disaster Yan. Zhao taste Qin five games, two lost and three wins; Later Qin Zhao from further attack, but even of Li Mu; JI, animal husbandry and to punish slander, Handan for the county, but unfortunately not the end of its use of force also.
What, then Yan, Zhao and Qin Ge off at away the occasion, described as solitary intellectual crisis, defeat death, Cheng resort also.
Alas! love to make all three of their land, not attached to the Qin Qi, Assassin No, still in good will, to bribe the land of Qin closed world of policy makers to the heart of Shi Qin Li a prodigy of the world, lie at the root to the west, then I fear the winter food is not palatable Qin also. servant when the outcome of the number, the survival of the reason, when compared with the Qin, or Easy volume.
Beifu! have such a trend, and for the Qin Wei of the robbery plot, cut at cutting on to become death, the country had no prestige of the plot to rob the holy! husband six States and Qin are princes, Qin weaker than its potential, and even worse can not bribe the beat trend. Gou world as large, but the story of Po Wang from six countries, is another carry in the next six countries.
Please change my text and the original comparison, the reader will find the small changes I have just a few connections adverbs, but also use the original terms of the motion, but the order in all parts of the article re-adjusted, adapted the basic intent of the article and its appeal Compared with the original, hard to say par. think he has to admit Su Xun alive after the We show that the same intention of the article called ; tell the students so that they remember the are complete. not to mention future generations to re-punctuation segment, according to the modern format of facial ordered , credible? costs so much thought to the analysis of interpretation, it is worth it? the same time, what Students will no doubt smells of a great deal of confusion and chaos.
as a subversion of the traditional course content, I suggest that the effort spent on exploring aspects of the structure of thinking, such as speaking Su Xun should focus on explaining the structure of thinking. Su Xun's argument that thinking is a type of causal relationship: the six countries shattered, how to review this historical phenomenon? apparently caused this result to explore the reasons is to review the key points. This when we should make clear to the students a reason: the fact is that the reasons for seeking the reasons for the carrier as a result of a mm that those things have to seek the facts, specific to the cause of the bursting of the six countries to seek, it is necessary to Six strategies adopted Qin ordered out. and whether we look at other books, just from the Su Xun, adventure, a provocation to the exclusion by the famous (such as the death of Li Mu) hh Su Xun can not comment on this for many reasons one by one. choose? Song Dynasty at that time for the harassment of a foreign enemy to compromise the implementation of the policy of humiliation mm silver, tea , silk sum of these facts, that repeating the Han, Wei, Chu Qin bribe mistakes, Su Xun chose method.
thought determined, the process of thinking in the form of expression is strategy to This is still expressed sequence adapted by Ye Hao Xu Jiang, and its arrangement are made Su Xun way of thinking about the provisions of this article. It is precisely because a number of Su Xun in the burst on the result of the six countries established the development and change of things losses have been assistance , a detailed analysis of what the ground. Do not attach Qin Qi, Assassin No, still in good will hypothetical response to the words, The discourse at home to dwell on the possibility of these assumptions does not make sense. at any given moment in history, reality is the true possible alternatives. If they do not become a reality because the excluded, only to see what has happened, from the do not consider their alternatives, regardless of the pressure contributed to the overall structure of the event, you can not effectively explain so that more accurate analysis of the problem, highlighting the composition of the imagination to make another adjustment for a special, like Su Xun as the injected to the non-existence of existence, the non-existence into the species. British philosopher Alfred North Whitehead, the fact that very great importance to identify this anti-force, he said, to construct our reality. But those who have expressed a victory by him could lead to other historical path of reality and those abstract concepts are closely related to the fact that we are thinking about these possibilities hh, even without considering their , it will also recognize their relevance. the love of his to make the three countries to excluded to the group of things all the potential clean-up set of relationships mm integrated into all their imagination. examples of very effective. We should build from this thinking process on the to understand the point of view, our students are able to wise up? That still is an effective teaching you?
explore the matter phase from the Autumn The concept itself already contains all the objects, because it does not extend to knowledge outside of the main concepts, but simply illustrate the concept. the face of a specific object, not confined to the relevant objects in the concept of the main concept of capable of building language text, we should not be limited to the text object itself on the concept of the so that the students in great regret. Now I to ; interpretation of the building all the natural scenery, to express the yearning for love of the truth of autumn the ancient capital, and showing depression, loneliness and personal state of mind hh Misfortune social situation cast a shadow in the heart of that ancient capital Kiyoaki the l of a mixture of some of the bitter taste of r . Autumn and Autumn's mood and attitude, are shrouded in strange subjective. such as writing a rafter l shack to hire people lived r, l broken at the waist in front of r static blue morning glory, even from the dilapidated look of the unusual sight to see and experience the beauty through. write r, l north of the Ash down core, l foot up and no sound, no smell, only a little bit of very fine sense of a very soft touch r, l lime to write an article on the left broom wire pattern, it seems both that fine, they feel less busy, so unconsciously feel a bit lonely and also r, these delicate and unique feelings, feelings of melancholy and beautiful, I am afraid Yu This is only a tendency of civilians displaced and suffering to the pain experienced by scholars who can be delicate and profound expression. What is expressed, and then quoted the text of the segment, which is limited to things outright the concept of itself awareness, understanding of the text way of thinking, just as the original text this dry steamed bread in its mouth and then spit chewing a chew, like the students. text contents of And beyond the reasonable scope for expansion of the concept itself of things to guide students to explore The third level stuff mm speaks our language teachers very place, even said that basically there is no guidance, so that teaching and learning activities for students to understand and improve the ability to express clearly the text is not much effect.
what to say what?
people to see the performance of things: this old typewriter dim the luster, these boys playing outside, the roar of bullets fly, Bordeaux snuff through the nose when the strong smell, strong east wind of the Mediterranean caused clammy feeling uncomfortable. ; ⑥ From this sense, All the reactions in this seasons performance. and these specific responses, that everything in the world in this festival in the Seasonal mm , and give it to a variety of names. Autumn special taste are but also to understand the expression pattern of this beauty, that is the art of writing.
Here's a cicada season, it hides under the sun leaves the sun vain, ;, It flew from the tree the tree, especially when the sunset or the weather changes, often heard cicadas uttered ;, not In the words, the sound of the King of their situation, people have a lot of associations.
with the cicada's , drag from the chamber in which the speaker can understand the psychological flu Ertan. Maybe that cicadas cry scream sometimes said that cicada said the effects caused by it? not. American art theorist Rudolf. Arnheim in l r a sad theme, all the actors here seem slow dance movements, each movement amplitude are small, the shape of each dance form is a large radiate curve, shown by the tension forces are also relatively small, the movement direction is constantly changing, highly uncertain, the body may appear to dominate in the activities under its own gravity forward, not in an active force within the mercy of moving on. should be recognized, l r such sorrow psychological and emotional nature of the structure itself, and the dance moves are similar. a very sad mood, his mental process is very slow hh appears as if it is controlled by external forces. the northern autumn, feeling, really do not have experience, it would be a unique sad Zen Mountain in mind strong ambition and perseverance, The traditional theme of the summary of the original text of the talk is just an overview of the content is a simple repetitive induction. This Students read the text since, especially when the completion of translation of classical vernacular, these reasons are easily understood by students. This interpretation of the thinking and no new information on the increase, so students are not interested in the language of the teacher talk. Note I say here is that students speak the language of the teacher is not interested, not interested in the language is not the final analysis, is not interested in such a descriptive interpretation. In this regard, teachers have always criticized the students do not attach importance to the language, rather than reflect on their own say How is. To change this situation, teachers must come to a fundamental change in mm closer to the reason ....

Zatan Lantern Review

 Lantern Festival Lantern Festival
review is one of China's traditional festivals, as early as 2,000 years ago existed in the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Ming Lantern Festival lanterns began in the Eastern Han period, Buddhism flourished, heard that Buddhist monks would watch the fifteenth Buddha relics, light lanterns to worship practice, to command this day in the imperial palace and temples night light lanterns to worship, so that common people are hanging lights Gentry. Later, the Buddhist ritual evolved folk festival grand festival. The festival went from court to civil society, from the central plains to the development of the country.
the Han Emperor, has been ordered to fifteenth named the Lantern Festival. Han Dynasty, . (too one: master of the universe of all of God). Qian create a ;; first month on the 15th for the Lantern Festival, July 15 for the Hungry Ghost Festival, Oct. 15 as Ha Yuen section. in charge, the middle and lower ternary respectively heaven, earth, the three officers who, the day official joy, so to Lotus Lantern Lantern Festival.
Festival Lantern Festival and the Festival of the activities are extended with the development of history, extended. for the duration of festival, the day before the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty for three days, the Song is up to five days, from the eighth day of the Ming Dynasty is lighting until the night before the first month off the seventh light, a full ten days. and Spring phase, the day for the city, crowded, night EEP, spectacular. especially the delicate, colorful lights, but also make it the climax of recreational activities during the Spring Festival. to the Qing Dynasty, but also increased the dragon dance, lion dance, Pao Hanchuan, walking on stilts, Yangko such as ; content, only the shortening of section four to five days.
Spring, the new year with the first full moon of the mean. Lantern Festival's Origin, Taoist stereotypes. Taoist fifteenth day of the year once known as the Lantern Festival, July 15 for the Ghost Festival, Oct. 15 to Xiayuan Festival, collectively, the Five major factions Dou worship God for the day officials, local officials, water officials said, days of the official blessing to the official forgiveness, water officials in helping, and to triple with three officers, said the official first month on the 15th day of Spring born Meta Health and local officials on July 15, Xiayuan water officials October 15 students. In this way, the first month on the 15th is called Lantern Festival. Song Wuzi Mu in the Lantern Festival Day, is the official blessing of Chen Spring day. specific time period to express their desire to live.
Festival Lantern Festival
the formation history of a long process, according to historical and folk legends, the fifteenth day has been taken seriously in the Western Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty the first month Night at the Oasis Palace symplectic worship Wei later. the introduction of the Eastern Han Dynasty Buddhist culture, the customs for the formation of the lantern festival is very important to promote the significance.
Yongping Han Emperor Ming period (AD 58--175 years), to promote Buddhism by Emperor Ming, Cai Yin falls from obtain the return of Indian Buddhism, India, Morocco, said the country during the fifteenth day of drinking Tuo, the monks gathered visited the relics, the Buddha is a good day to participate in really good time. Han Emperor Ming to promote Buddhism, ordered the fifteenth night in the palace and the temple, Table Buddha. field holding a torch driving the countryside pest animals, want to reduce the pest, praying good harvest. Even today, people in some parts of southwest China still fifteenth with reed torches made of wood or tree branches, groups hold high the torch in the Agrocybe or dried grain field to dance. Sui, Tang, Song, is very popular. to participate in singing and dancing were enough to tens of thousands, from dusk until dawn, to the dark and strike. When with the community and the changing times, the customs of the Lantern Festival has long been has made significant changes, but still a Chinese folk festivals.
Another is the custom of the Lantern Festival Lotus Lantern Taoism originated in the for the Hungry Ghost Festival on the 15th, October 15th for the Ha Yuen section. in charge, the middle and lower ternary respectively heaven, earth, the three officers who, day official joy, so the Lantern Festival to Lotus Lantern. Lantern Festival Day and Festival of the event is extended with the development of history, extended. For purposes of section length of the Han Dynasty was a day for three days to the Tang Dynasty, Song is up to five days, is from the Ming Dynasty lighting eighth day until the seventh of the night before the first month off the lights, a full ten days. and Spring phase, the day for the city, bustling, Enlightening night, spectacular. especially the delicate, colorful lights, more so it becomes the climax of recreational activities during the Spring Festival. to the Qing Dynasty, but also increased the dragon dance, lion dance, Pao Hanchuan, walking on stilts, Yangko and other > Lantern point of origin related to the legend

legend in the long, long ago, Xiongqin beast a lot of harm to people and animals everywhere, people organized to fight them, there is a Bird in the fall because of lost world, but accidents was unaware of the hunters to shoot.
very angry after the God of Heaven, immediately edicts, ordered that heavenly world in the first month on the 15th to the fire, the world's people and livestock all the property burned. the Emperor's daughter good-natured, bear to see innocent people suffering, to risk their lives, secretly drove clouds come to earth to tell people the news. all heard the news, as the head of a ring Maggiore, I do not know how to be scared good.
long while, only old people come up with another way, he said: firecrackers, fireworks. In this way, the Emperor would think that people were burned to death. a look and found a piece of red earth, the sound of thunder, is true for three consecutive nights, thought it was a fire burning flame, the hearts of a large fast. people keep their way of life and property. To commemorate this success, from Every fifteenth day, every household hung lanterns, fireworks to mark the occasion.
Jinian Ping Lu Han Emperor Han Emperor
legend when the Lantern Festival is to commemorate the death, Empress ascended the throne as the son of Liu Ying Han Emperor Hui. Huidi naturally weak, indecisive, power gradually fell Empress hands. Han Emperor Hui died after the monopoly of the political affairs of the Empress Lu Liu Lu world into the world, North Korea the veteran, Liu deeply resent the royal clan, but are afraid of Empress cruel and silent resentment.
Empress died, the Zhulv panicky fear of being hurt and marginalized. Thus, in the home of General Lu Lu secret collection of conspiracy as a matter of chaos, in order to fully capture Liu country.
this spread to the ear capsule Liu Liu Clan King of Qi, Liu Liu Bao capsule for the country, decided to raise an army and the subsequent founding veteran crusade Zhulv Bo Zhou, Chen Ping to get in touch, designed to lift the Lu Lu, . Emperor deeply hard-won peace and prosperity, he gave the calm, Five has become a folk festival to celebrate - Lantern Festival, July 15 for the Hungry Ghost Festival, Oct. 15 as Ha Yuen section. competent, middle and lower ternary respectively heaven, earth, the three officers who, day official joy, so Lantern Festival To Enlightening.
Festival Lantern Festival and the Festival of the event is extended with the development of history, extended. for the duration of festival, the day before the Han Dynasty to Tang Dynasty for three days, then the long Song up to five days, from the eighth day of the Ming Dynasty is lighting until the night before the first month off the seventh light, a full ten days. and Spring phase, the day for the city, bustling, Enlightening night, spectacular. In particular, it delicate, colorful lights, but during the recreational activities make it the climax of the Spring Festival. to the Qing Dynasty, but also increased the dragon dance, lion dance, Pao Hanchuan, walking on stilts, Yangko and other for the four to five days.
Dongfang Shuo and the Lantern Festival and the girl
the legend on the custom of eating Lantern: According to legend, there is a favorite of the name of Han Dongfang Shuo, He was kind and funny. One winter, a few days under the snow, Dongfang Shuo to go to the Emperor to the Imperial Garden plum off. When he first entered the park gates, it finds a ready Toujing ladies burst into tears. Dongfang Shuo rescue hurriedly approached and asked her to commit suicide tomorrow reasons. Originally, the palace called the Lantern Festival, also at home parents and a sister, since she entered the palace after the missed
and family no longer met the Prince to do spring each year to the season to miss his family more than usual . that can not be in front of parents, filial piety, it is better to commit suicide. Dongfang Shuo listened to her face, deeply sympathetic to assure her, will try to get her and their families.
day, Dongfang Shuo Chugong in Chang'an put a fortune on the street stalls. many people scrambling to find Gua fortune to him. Unexpectedly, the share of each person sought, are instrumental in panic. People have inquired of the solution approach to disaster. Dongfang Shuo said: the copy of the Jiyu to you, think of a way that allows the current emperor. Han took a look, saw that says: Dongfang Shuo's thought for a moment pretend, said: Herald Kyoto every family to do glutinous rice balls, fire gods worship together. Chuanyu subjects together again in the fifth night, hanging lights, the city point of firecrackers, fireworks, like the city is the fire, so that you can fool the Jade Emperor. In addition, notice people outside the city, fifteen lanterns at night into the city, mixed in the crowd worries and difficulties. city decorated, tourists bustling, robust. odalisque Lantern Festival lanterns parents took my sister into the city. When they see the words ! Lantern! fire gods for glutinous rice balls, the fifteenth day the city still hanging lights fireworks. because the Lantern dumpling do best, so this day is called Lantern Festival.
Kai and Lantern
legend Qieguodadao results Yuan usurped Revolution After the restoration of the throne when the Emperor bent, afraid of the people against the day, on tenterhooks. One day, he heard on the street who sells Lantern elongated voice shouting: homophonic word ; pink fruit. After the formation of all the fifteenth dynasty lanterns lanterns as a major event. Emperor Jianwen wrote a the Longchuan. inclined to pay Hui Ying, Cheng fresh reflection. * Music more numerous, the night, enjoy fun, very lively. unprecedented in the Tang Dynasty to become the city lights, in the Tang Dynasty, has developed into a universal carnival. Emperor (AD 685--762) when Kaiyuan Prime, Changan city lights large, EEP fifty thousand, lantern variety, the emperor ordered to do huge floor lamps, Quanta 20, 150 feet high, golden bright, very spectacular. Tang Dynasty was a curfew , the night the sound of drums ban on the prohibition of travel, made the night to be punished; only in the Lantern Festival, the emperor license lifting the ban for three days, known as the five nights, also outside the Illumination fireworks, performing a variety of juggling, a more lively scene. phase radio, Fairview Jiao Hui. Kyoto girl singing and dancing, Peoples crowd. Qi burning candle tea house wine shop, sound of drums, firecrackers, lights do not absolutely Barry
to the Ming Dynasty, the emperor ascended the throne in Nanking, in order for the bustling heart of the capital, also provides that the lights eighth day the first month, seventh off lights, and even tens night, every household hung colored Lantern, lantern painted on a variety of characters, Fluttering and dancing, birds and flowers bloom. Dragon diving, lantern fireworks light up the night. drum play. noisy Titan, and this is the longest The Lantern Festival, Qing Dynasty, Manchu Central Plains, the court will not do the Lantern Festival, the private sector is still spectacular lantern. Date shortened to five days, continues today.
riddles
called Literary game. riddle hanging of the lights for people to guess the shooting, began in the Southern Song Dynasty. Beijing jest language, teasing pedestrians. riddles. > Song began to appear when the lights all kinds of juggling skills ShangXi. Ming and Qing dynasties light Shangwang addition to riddles and acrobatic dance, it had also added the contents of opera performances.
ages than people outside the city lights tour , another festival toilet Welcoming God, walk across the bridge touched the nail diseases such as customs, there is peace drum hit, Yangko, stilts, dragon, lion and other game.
Lantern Festival is a traditional society, rural and urban folk great importance Festival, the Lantern Festival in the city noise particularly warm, it reflects the unique carnival spirit of the Chinese people. the traditional Lantern Festival hosted by the function of digestion has been the daily life, people gradually lose the spirit of common interest, the complex has been simplified Festival ; eat Lantern large-scale song and dance to the people playing there have been leading bird body image, which had been scheduled after the six dragon dance scenes interspersed with each other. found in written records of the dragon dance, Zhang Heng of the Han Dynasty, The narration in the movie made for a vivid portrayal of the dragon dance. As far as place. Chinese Chongshang Long, the dragon as a symbol of good luck.

stilts stilts, is a mass popular folk art performances. stilt acrobatic This is the kind of ancient China as early as the Spring and Autumn Time has taken place. The earliest description of stilts is the folk art, or assembly during the Lantern Festival celebrations, ordinary people have come to the lion dance performances. This custom originated in the Three Kingdoms period, when the Northern and Southern became popular and has been a thousand years of history.
program Hanchuan
Plan Han Chuan, folklore is to commemorate the meritorious Yu's flood control. zoned Han Chuan, also known as Pao Hanchuan, that is, imitation of the land for ship power, performance Pao Hanchuan mostly girls. Hanchuan not the real thing, the use of two pieces of sheet, sawn boat, tied into the wood, and then kept to color cloth, sets of lines in the girl's waist, like sitting in the same boat, paddle in hand, to do paddling position, made a running, her singing at some local minor, side edge of dance songs, which is zoned Han Chuan. Sometimes also a man dressed as another boat of the Chuan Ke, partner with the performance, the most dressed as clowns, a variety of antics to amuse the audience happy. draw a lot of popular Hanchuan area.
offering door, offering households
ancient a pair of chopsticks, or directly on the front of the wine and meat.

this activity by mouse mainly for sericulture people said. because the mice often large tracts in the night to eat the silkworm, people heard rats fed with rice porridge fifteenth, it can not eat a silkworm. So, these people in a large pot boil the fifteenth day of slimy porridge, some still covered with a layer of meat, the soup bowl Sheng good, into the rat-infested roof, wall, put his mouth side edge recited a curse on the Budehaosi silkworms eat mice.
A fairy came down to a family surnamed Chen, said to them: If you can worship me, let your silkworms harvest this year. Later on the customs form.
send baby light
referred to as ;, also called high in the sky, early child-lin; such as daughter pregnancy, then the exception of the lanterns, but also to send twelve pairs of small lanterns, and wish her safe during pregnancy.
Welcoming
Zigu also called Qi Kou, northern China, said Regardless toilet, pit Sangu. ancient folk customs fifteenth toilet to meet God Zigu Erji, divination, sericulture, and accounting for all the things. legends Zigu for the people of the concubines, for large women are jealous, the fifteenth day being killed cubicle, a toilet god. Every night Welcoming this day, people with straw, cloth, tied into life-size Zigu first class portrait, and night in the toilet rooms meet the worship of the pigsty. This custom is popular all over Taiwan, found in Northern and Southern Dynasties to early records.
take sickness
activities. Lantern Festival Night Meet women travel, travel in pairs, the bridge will ever see that this can illnesses and sickness.
go north since the Ming and Qing riddled with customs, some in the 15th, but more conducted in the 16th. That day the women dressed in festive costumes, crowds out of the house, take the risk crossing the bridge, the city board, touch nail Praying for Children, until the middle of the night, before return.

popular to steal food festival Huang Ping, Guizhou Miao steal food section of the area in the annual Lunar New Year is also held. festive day, the girls will flock to steal other people's dishes, is strictly prohibited to steal the family, same-sex friends can not steal home , for stealing food and their love affair on. the stolen food is limited to cabbage, can eat a quantity enough for everyone. steal food not afraid of being found, people do not blame stolen. everyone to focus on food stolen together, make cabbage meal. It is said that who eat the most, who can see more than a loved one, while the strongest support of the silkworm, silk is also best to spit up.
section
Bau Bau Yi festival festival Lunar New Year. br> Sisu
fifteenth eat Lantern, Floating Motoko , nuts, date paste for the filling, etc., glutinous rice flour bag into a round, can be prime meat, different flavor. can soup boiled, fried, steamed food, meaning there is a happy reunion. Shaanxi rice balls is not a package, but glutinous rice flour in the or Beans Congee. but the food is mainly used for worship, but also far from a holiday food. to the Tang Dynasty, Zheng Wang of the Oil hammer the system of law, according to Lantern Festival food is the Tang Dynasty
surface silkworm. Wangren Yu (eighty-eight thousand nine hundred fifty-six) of the The festive food is more abundant than the Tang Dynasty. Soy. twist the first mixed meat soup, that the salt soy soup, and if the person-days made Silkworm, all Spring diet of it. the predecessor of the.
at least to the Ming Dynasty, people with 'Lantern' to refer to this glutinous rice dumpling. James JY Liu (born one thousand five hundred forty-one) of the with thin rice noodles, the use of walnut, sugar, rose for the filling, roll into the water spray, such as a large walnut, the South called sweet rice balls are ;, is famous politicians and public taste. Ma Siyuan system is the Lantern Festival was a master of Beijing city. He drops powder produced Lantern alike. character who (born one thousand six hundred eighty-eight) of the Xiang Xiang walnut stuffing, glutinous rice, such as beads of well water scouring. see that Ma drops powder is good, try to sell Lantern Light wind. Lantern Festival's production has become increasingly sophisticated. light on the dough, the river there is rice, sorghum sticky surface, yellow rice and grain shell surface. filling is savory and sweet content of meat and vegetables, everything. the so-called sweet osmanthus sugar, hawthorn sugar, assorted, red bean, sesame, peanut and so on. salty meat with lard, can be used for frying fried rice balls. prime of mustard, garlic, leek, ginger composition Wuxin Lantern Festival, there are that hard-working, long-term, upward meaning.
methods produced different north and south. North Lantern and more ways to use baskets of hand-rolling, the South is more glutinous rice balls rubbing his hands heart groups. Lantern can be big like walnuts, there are small like soybeans, cooking methods are with soup, fried food, oil, boil, steamed food and so on. with or without fillings, are equally delicious. Currently, the Lantern Festival has become a four seasons snacks are prepared at any time since the bowl can be greedy self.
Science
Lantern Lantern Festival is coming to eat a lot of people home already prepared on the Lantern Festival, eat a meal, or even on the table for a few days are
the saying goes too far, in fact, the Lantern Festival to talk about eating the same. From the nutritional point of view, rice Piga on the red bean paste, sesame, jujube paste, peanuts and other sweet filling or fresh meat, Cornish and other salty variety, are high in sugar , high-calorie non-health food. So in the end how to eat the Lantern Festival, to ensure delicious and healthy integrated it?
breakfast inedible
Lantern is a high calorie, high sugar foods, but also contains oil, but the lack of nutrients , in addition to calories and sugar, not too many other nutrients outside. This is not suitable as first food for breakfast. In addition to the lack of nutrition, but also because people get up early is the weakest of gastrointestinal function, and Yuan Xiao skin of the parts are glutinous rice, sticky high, do not digest. so there is easy breakfast indigestion Lantern Festival, which led to pantothenic acid, heartburn, etc., affect the day's work and life. [2]

customs all over China Lantern Festival Lantern Festival Day customs around the country are not the same old

】 【Beijing Beijing is not the most popular New Year festival, but the Lantern Festival. from thirteen to the first month of seventh lunar month, people in Beijing five days and nights to a full entertainment . Old Lantern Festival in Beijing, the most important activity is the main attraction. Ming Dynasty City in light of Beijing Dongcheng Dengshikou, Yuanxiaoye, out city streets, from jade jewelry, down to the daily necessities, readily available, the both the display of silk yarn shop operators, burning beads, Ming Kok, wheat straw, through the grass made all kinds of lanterns for people to watch. to the Qing Dynasty, the city lights all over the city of Beijing.
【】
Yongping Prefecture, Hebei Province Lantern Festival, the kiln under the cluster of women sick, guilt, diet. QINGYUN Please Wuzu teach Quanbang Lantern man, woman please Zigu BU Xiujiu.
】 【Anhui Province, near the Lantern
the past few days, Datong District, Huainan City, the streets of the town on the kiln and rural communities fields, a variety of folk art performance after another. twisted huagudeng, playing the dragon, the lion Gunxiu Qiu, stilts, carrying the Court, flower stick, lantern, umbrella lights, Han Chuan, single pole bridges colorful performances, not only the New Year atmosphere to a climax, but also for ten young and old husband, Pat Heung, a unique taste of the Huai style culture. Huaihe River on both sides of the old three days, people are busy New Year, visiting friends and relatives, attend to eat no time for play, the Lantern Festival is the most concentrated flavor of the moment.
Fuyang people are industrious and intelligent, long-term production and life in practice, evolving creation, the formation of unique popular culture. there form of lively, rich folk, there are unique regional characteristics of the folk dance and drama. the annual Lunar New Year, these colorful unique converging mass culture Fuyang lantern. Fuyang Lantern Festival began in the Sui and Tang, popular in the Ming Dynasty. Prefecture Song Ouyang Xiu had any of the Yingzhou wrote the night with the lights still on, but last year, tears full of spring sleeves, to tie their own system of birds, of fish animal lights, lights, and so a variety of different style zodiac lanterns hanging in front of their own. During the Lantern Festival Lantern Festival also sing some opera, a drama or opera duet more than two , also known as Lantern Festival is the oldest festival of the night. According to legend, put down the Western Han Dynasty, lady took to the streets to see lanterns can also be fun.
Lantern Festival, every household made Lantern Festival (now a monopoly of specialized households). Lantern called as the civil population, snacks, pop country. No wonder this thing after the millennium, popular as ever.
hanging lanterns to celebrate the Lantern Festival, Shanxi People's essential form. every element of agricultural Xiao Festival approaching, every family hangs a wide range of light from fourteen to sixteen, are open every night from afar, the building end mining colorful lanterns will dress up the splendid glory of the city, the units also produced a variety of competing lanterns hang in the streets for people to enjoy, lantern style as much, and countless animals, there are Lunar New Year, a riddle guessing, there are lanterns, and with modern appliances, also praised the new modern life, aircraft, rockets, spacecraft, drums lights, run lights pie, fish duck and goose lamp, orange banana pineapple lamps, lanterns, wishful lights, material filament lamp, glass lamp, a revolving door ... ... diverse, colorful ..
fireworks, for the Shanxi People's Lantern section of the most gratifying activities. Lantern Festival fireworks night activities should be carried out in the square to the streets, when the whole family, to see the beautiful fireworks, fireworks have become increasingly more beauty, more and more, the more technology-intensive to the higher, more beautiful and more beautiful colors.
Art Parade, be called folk culture parade make-up. Joe Ming Yuan between art, ancient music, with its eight tones will have costume drama, many tricks, too numerous. to do a large light show. All units want to sound, light, color and taste of the big light show display in the streets. It was an auspicious , it was happy, it was an ancient legend, there are significant with inspiration.
【】
Shandong Province, Zibo City waterfront district Lantern Festival lanterns, extra people. Tai'an City Ningyang send light to the graves of the Lantern Festival. Boxing County, Binzhou City, the lights according to the custom of the Lantern Festival there. boy, lamp, six laps around a jujube tree, I read can make the jujube harvest. Rizhao Ju (jǔ) County men and women in the Sixteenth to the wild outing, called 】
Xiangcheng County Lantern eat wonton soup, known as locally River Bridge, the fraction bridge. If there is no bridge, places of wood take the high-Shu Zhang, Fengxiang dinner at the Lantern Festival, daughter, son, known as Zhang Xu at the torch strapped into a reed, inserted in the field, saying that vibration foot shoulder and jump, known as week. Haining County, as well as exquisite chrysanthemum Lantern lights to the most famous. Shangyu County, less than the Lantern Festival night to suppress the platform relies on martial arts contest. Jiande County, married people have a new wife, and the Lantern Festival Wine Festival set bed. 
new county of Jiangxi Province China stays on the Lantern Festival to light grave. Wanan County cities and villages are in the Spring Lantern Festival Shenzhou worship.

Yunmeng County, Hubei Province (now the Jianghan) old farmer in the field according to Yuanxiaoye side garden with torches, called The men and women have followed the dragon to the next village feast, known as the called

Why is the Chinese people of Japan are not good at it

 China's arrogant attitude
the contrary, the Chinese since ancient times, changes in Japan's national conditions and lack a deep understanding of both History, inevitably lag behind, and finally to the political measures will inevitably make mistakes reflected and diplomatic dealings absurd.
one joke: the emperor became the emperor, anxious to establish new relationships and neighboring countries to expand their influence, in the Hongwu the first year (1368) sent Dalai Chao four, take the initiative to contact. which an ambassador is sent to Japan. when Japan is in the Northern and Southern confrontation, land split times, the two sides are mutually incompatible. the emperor for dealing with objects Who is not sure, but very arrogant tone to bring the edict. In Japan, the military invasion of per day for the past neither forgotten, and guarded the entrance of the local officials in Japan, Kyushu, Town House, Prince Huai Liang, belongs to the Southern system, he does not recognize the authority of the Emperor Northern Kyoto, was established in China seems not aware of a new dynasty, the emperor sent people also mistakenly believe that is still the messenger of the Yuan Dynasty. The two sides then wrong, it is H-back messengers. But the emperor and did not give up the following year (AD 1369), such as holding a full load Yang also sent threatening tone of the edict to go, the result is pregnant with the Prince cut a good 5 of them, only 2 put the rest of life also, therefore, the emperor has not been able to achieve the establishment of normal diplomatic relations with Japan that he wishes, only in his twenty Hongwu years of the award, one of sub-chen, are provided to vent their anger.
Foreign jokes occurred in another era of the Qing Dynasty Emperor Qianlong. At the time, Jiang, Zhejiang and Fujian coastal merchants to Japan to trade a lot, often brought back some Japanese coins, of which the most wide-Yong Qian, Qian the cast of ; wide water from Japan, of course, cast in China's coastal areas not find private households, but the bottom did the Court do not know the situation, the governors can not cross, but, fortunately, Jiangsu Yin Jishan screen, it was found in Zhu Yizun's collection, containing the that the prosperity of ancient China than Japan, are much higher cultural level, and why only for a narrow strip of water away from the neighbors would be so divide, but also far behind Japan? mainly Chinese people should be deeply influenced by Confucianism, Hua Yi Do not be a very big country thinking seriously, fancying himself superior to all its neighbors as barbarians, bother to seriously study and conservative, resulting in his behind. the Japanese are equally affected by the influence of Confucianism, the Chinese often claim to the aggression, the Chinese imperial court began to decline in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Japan since every moment of China's national conditions and sentiments, of course, very understanding of China's national strength began to decline. and is then, scientifically developed Western countries, ambitious wish to annex Asia, prompted Japan to begin the transfer target, giving up the atmosphere and to learn from China to the West to learn science. Ming and Qing Dynasty imperial power struggles, the Japanese began to despise China, follow the West, and launched invasion of action, trying to drive out white

I understand Yue Gou Wu slave in those three years, what is the will support him!

 Goujian I understand that slavery in the State of Wu for three years, what is the will support him!
Following text Copy from Sina
Goujian   He always smiled.
kneeling in public, whether the tomb of the former king lu, kowtow knock was sounded with blood;
whether as slaves, as Fuchai carts, were reprimanded suffered Wu Guoguo time;
matter was brought to the nations Uncooperative Fu Chai, before being teased everyone, even the lowest soldiers and other than his honorable;
Gou continue to laugh, but has been laughing!
because Laughter can cover all the surface expression, but also cover unexpectedly revealed to the idea in the face;
no one knows, under the smiling face, in the end he really was thinking!
defeat, he often laugh, but laugh because everyone knows why he is growing more prosperous country!
Gou is a liberal monarch, he was even a charismatic, sloppy; he was very loving, employers do not care about their identity, they focus their talent. then, independence is a madman Fan Li Gou appreciated, but regard him as a good brother; He also re-lingual; to plant a text of a Fan Li Wen Wu, the exhibition director. Gou's support in two of the assistance, gradually from a monarch small country into a national admired by the king, the more the country into a strong country, more use of odd meter Fan Li, with his own hands to defeat the then king lu, so the more the country went to unprecedented heights!
stunning victory in the mind is usually a charge. Gou thinks that after three years Fuchai Xingbing again, it will certainly be defeated by his men, without regard Fan Li, Wen kinds of advice, the bent and the king did contend, only to remaining five thousand troops and horses were trapped in Hueiji!
Gou was just Jujian himself, but when the occasion blade holder of the neck, again leaving the Fan Li, Gou Do not even ask martyred! results, Fan Li and cultural species Gou around, surrender and negotiations with the king did.
Finally, the king agreed to retain the Gou and Yue. but on condition that Gou Wu must be a slave to remain in the Wu!
Gou stayed in the sarcophagus, piercing winds in winter, hot summer, harder and harder; he was wearing more than thin rude beggar's clothes, cold, eating the food hh pigs and dogs but rejected every day live in at any time under the threat of being killed by Fu Chai. his daily work, in addition to humiliation, is constantly kneeling in lu grave, kowtow admit; otherwise, is such an ass, for the king did pull a cart!
monarch of a country, actually reduced to this! sad!
Gou from never thought they would peak in life, the lapse of the bottom falling! from the king becomes a slave, suffered the greatest humiliation. Hsi constantly torment him, to remind him that he is no longer king, but his side for his dog pull carts! Gou in constant psychological and physical torture under the once thought dead, had thought of giving up, but suffer together with him around but could not remind him of Fan Li, necessary to the overall situation, the recovery The more countries as the most important cause. Gou only be quite down, but he suffered a straight face hh
until the time, he was set Fu Chai tortured to the extreme, all of the Uncooperative in front of all the face disgrace, he was forced to to the end, his only choice is only death, but in order to maintain name Gou mm section suddenly figured out, he chose to laugh! he chose to laugh, the most disgraced way to face all! because he want to live, to survive, there should be ways to survive!
Lao Zi: Department, the weak, survival is the real, real strong as for this, is defeated at last, the real tough trick . Gou finally learned that.
can not, and tolerance of people can not endure!
he far-sighted, he has to, not emotional camel, but to get the final victory!
So, Gou Jun, as a country, actually started to go for laughs Fu Chai carts, respectfully guarding the Tomb of lu, the eyes of the king did, he was rather like a domesticated dog supplies! Gou not think about, more loyal to the king did; Finally, more patients actually thought of as Fu Chai Pu try manure!
Gou behavior, far beyond everyone's expectations. results, Gou Fu Chai moved successfully, to put the country back to Vietnam!
return to the Gou Yue, has become a person in another ; he also could not do silk clothing mansion. He endured hardships, we must strive to exert ourselves to remind ourselves, rehabilitation Yue; and then waiting in the wings, in one fell swoop Conquest of Wu, to snow the day of shame! He continually hone their openness of mind; it , although he has not head to head again with the king did, but his power and will have gone beyond the Aching Heart!
Finally, Gou with his own fighting spirit, together with the help of Fan Li and cultural types, and finally riding Fu Chai of the error, attack from the back straight at Wu!
Gou and the king did finally meet again, at the moment the situation is already reversed the two;
Gou smiling, this is really mean, he finally become the ultimate winner!

Personal website, how much you want to make

 If your personal monthly income of thousands of stations this has no meaning for you, planning for commercial sites in the future I will write, if your site income 0-9000 yuan / month, I suggest that you carefully read the full text. [Chinese owners points]
profit is a personal site owners make a lot of headaches, she did not worry about traffic, with traffic be profitable but also depression, make some money but do not see the future direction of more depression. In order to better write this thing, it seems to be more foam cups of coffee tonight. Today the mood well, leave the company tomorrow to enter the duty schedule, receive a red envelope today (festival fees), although only a few K, but heart very happy, after all, the brain can relax. Today's work saw the king even articles that are written occupational diseases even planning to write, even such articles are written by Thelephora, not even the point of narrative, point of view no matter how good I am afraid that many individuals have been the stations of PASS. was not mistaken his mouth, but think about it, makes sense, no wonder tens of K do people a month. Oh, this is a digression. But from this At first, I will try to avoid books written plan, to write a story book, a look to understand that, huh, huh. Chinaz.com
good, the body began: Chinaz.com
built in most of the individuals stop the process, there is a problem is that many individual owners did not think clearly, that is why you do stop in the end, if the individual is to show something, or a home security on the network, you'll have traffic, and Do not advertise, and that you will not look below the text. I mentioned here refers to individuals who really want to stop people stand bigger, stronger, and finally into the commercial operation of the site, saying that white is a business process. well, if you belong to the latter, GO ON!
Chinaz.com
want to make money, do not want to escape the commercialization of this issue: business model; do not put the theory of my own personal experience as the main line it. [China Webmaster Station]
(a) is to I am fan of literature, fans mess, love art, fine art blind, so the first stop is called what web authoring software, is to use Notepad to play, the computer teacher told me to lay out the word, and then circle the two special brackets (that is

tags), and then handed over to him, have spread to the Internet, the file name in Chinese will not let me put it to use pinyin, then would not understand, do not want, they want to go have made their own things. at long list, I used writing paper down, slowly line, little do not waste. [China Webmaster Station]
over half a year about the way, that is, 1999, by his skill a long, HTML to write the familiar, and also know that a simple image processing, so I put ; my literature their favorite TV series, stars, etc.. Chinaz.com
this way, my site was visited, and more and more people are not seen by the counter is sent to the school was to write to me.
Chinaz.com
you say, I have this site operational prospects of it? No! Chinaz.com
the world will not have two identical leaves, if all of your site reflect your personality, reflects all your love, then he will only have a loyal visitor, is yourself, so if you want a higher site traffic, it would have to give up part or all of the . Chinaz.com
your station is doing to others, not yourself, you should consider not their own, but you develop people. This is advertising as Studies referred to as ; Big Mac You can do it. [China Webmaster Station]
get my first stop, for both me how to sub-literature class, you would like to engage in literature certainly not professional, I have a student failing to appreciate the level of their ; professional not to engage in art, as simple as that. Do you think the students like me to what, wrong, not every student and he likes to write love drawing, I like the stars and even their most hated, so that to be faithful to my site too small crowd of visitors, and so the spending power of a small group do? we all went to school, Needless to say, so, this station can not be profitable.
Chinaz.com
positioning is a skill, not easily find a group that put forward a so-called professional and get away down the station, one wants to move to the commercialization of the individual station, I think he's positioning should be consistent with the following characteristics: Chinaz . com
1. you people should be selected that you are familiar or easily understood.
[China Webmaster Station]
2. people should have the choice of original, if the site touch located in the ; not familiar with the Internet lover of literature, Many opponents. [China Webmaster Station]
3. scalability positioning. When your site scale, you must be able to give reasonable grounds to extend the original concept of positioning. because you can not for millions of users start to go, but you can extend the best position to that number even more.
Chinaz.com
4. the target population's spending power. Do not say you do not intend to sell to the Internet them, and your advertisers will care about this, you will care about the future of investors. Chinaz.com
5. upward trend in the target group, at least the trend should be stable, otherwise, the narrow target group to your site also will be closed down. Chinaz.com
6. that positioning error to immediately terminate the site development or marketing process, rather than through other means to make up.
Chinaz.com
(b) of the initial profit model personal site Select
[China Webmaster Station]
profit model, it means what means to make money. say this before I have to talk about changes in China's Internet. I put the Internet in China is divided into three age (purely personal points method): [Chinese owners Station]
1 Information Tool Age
[China Webmaster Station]
2 media age [China Webmaster Station]
3 Internet social times
[China Webmaster Station]
time network information tool only as a tool for information exchange, there was nothing to talk about, PASS. Chinaz.com
media age (2000 years ago), I focus on that. If you're even more in 1988 started early access to the Internet, you should know that a very popular word endured Routong the Internet. The purpose is clear the Internet to find needed information, see Save up to local, and no time to look at, ah, short-term and slowly in the local view, that is not enough, then dial hh. this decision we do not may take a long time to enjoy the network of online services. Chinaz.com
at a time when the Internet technology to HTML, CGI-based, which determines the network can not provide too rich content.
[China Webmaster Station]
It is these two points, determine the network during this period is a pure media, publishing information, dissemination of information, it is difficult to have more services. the characteristics of the media, learned friends should know that communication is eyeball economy, there will have all the eyeballs, and advertising is the media to serve. So you can see, when doing e-commerce, so free space, so no software download site, too much development, the fastest growing is the news category and information class site, and later move to an integrated these sites, and produced a very Chinese term others through your site to link to other sites, search the required information. while in China, Chinaz.com
development of the Internet to make online media gradually grow strong enough, the network ads are more people recognized that this time, good advertising, a lot of advertising sites survived, developed, and refused to stop ads Many disappeared or been acquired. China's first batch of elite network in this day and age.
Chinaz.com
Internet community era (after 2000-present). to facilitate access to the Internet, network technology, which made ; surfing the media and into the era of a society. Chinaz.com
then the era of the Internet do? my analogy: If you live in the city is filled with TV stations, newspapers, radio stations, no restaurants, no stadium , no bus, or even a public toilet hh How would your life? vicious competition among the media to make your life full of advertising, because no other industry, media advertising content or media hh
Chinaz.com
This is the Internet today, our idea has always been limited to owners, do the media, engage in entertainment, with online games the network bridge to tell the Chinese counterparts, in addition to doing the media, network and play games.
[China Webmaster Station]
China, however, tens of thousands of individual owners to tell us? In addition to the media that do not do websites. up the site is to do the media, advertising is profitable, the network society is the addition to the media even the public toilets are not the social.
Chinaz.com
network development pace beyond our imagination, and is now a 2006 I am not sure whether now say outdated tomorrow, would people have thought that I was too old, but I must say, the Internet is really different from before the.
Chinaz.com
in such a society in front of the Internet, personal site, how to select profitable model? or what kind of profit model more suitable for individual owners. I think it is difficult to have a standard answer, but a little is certain, you have missed the media age network, but also never to use that time to start the law. I offer the following model for your reference:
[China Webmaster Station]
media advertising model: read the foregoing friends may say , What you do not favor advertising, profit model to explain why the first to put ads out. because it is a model of China's Internet has been saved, is now the most common pattern, but also beloved by many owners of the model, I can not avoided. If you decide to adopt this model, consider the following text. [China Webmaster Station]
determine the characteristics of the media to a huge flow of this model is based, and this in the traffic must be based on access to information for the purpose of the flow, otherwise, it may be ineffective flow. so many examples: as to provide free space, send prizes, free text messages and so on the grounds of his head to attract traffic, we can look at a few owners succeed. Also using the search engine spam, manufacturing search garbage, abnormal use viral marketing (such as the QQ mass, spam, etc.), traffic can be caused by invalid traffic. invalid traffic brings advertising revenue Mody ? many owners think it is, so many people will do so diligently. I say that this traffic can generate temporary income, but do not come with advertising, do not believe you do out of such a waste site , and then see who find you advertise. No one looking for you, you can find someone else what, as not, the real advertisers will not put in your site, unless mm Long Point]
right, is the .2005 of this hate is the golden season of online advertising, the increase in broadband subscribers, CNNIC's survey results have stimulated the advertiser's nerves, a lot of advertising to invest in one of the few large portals, on the specific content, we look at Sina earnings, TOM interviews to understand. but these portals are faced with an awkward, ashamed to tell people the secrets of low ad clicks, ad favorability is poor, online advertising in China is simply to say notorious, but the network home delivery company will not give up customers, how to solve this problem? is split, that is, by appropriate means to display these ads through mandatory (pop-up, significantly BANNER, floating, etc.) to the personal site landslide, so the way not solve the problem, to put down the line, put the proxy, so that a large number of the Union there.
Chinaz.com
landscape in 2005 and is a major station advertising promises of reform, increase advertising keeps a good one sensitivity, on the one hand points to individuals inclined to refuse, I am speechless. Chinaz.com
promote these alliances largely misleading personal site, less than 1 thousand a day visit the individual stations are great, full of advertising is not nothing new, I even think that with a small profit to induce immature behavior of the individual sites is simply no different with the robbers. In the league forum, the so-called successful people of their own experiences to support the individual stations are too blinded by the slogan of business people that have played an important role. Internet history will record this scene, the initiator of the alliance blind individual owners will eventually pay for the credit.
[China Webmaster Station]
I say is designed to allow individual stations Long clearly, in the end what is the real advertising model, because many owners of online advertising in the eye is the All the major stations have set up a marketing center, specializing in advertising business conduct, including planning, production, publishing. but truly professional online advertising agency, I am afraid many people ever heard of stations, because they do not, and unknown The station cooperation. China 4A advertising company-level general business online advertising agency, but which individual owners and their contacts? we publish is the people not to waste, we were taught that the short-sighted, speculative ideas. Chinaz.com
advertising model should be a real site and enterprise customers a total business process, in order to use this mode, provided that your site is to become the media. how much traffic can be a network media, I will give you a reference: [ ,],[at 50 000 IP, which directly for information purposes to account for 9 percent;
[China Webmaster Station]
Dazhong media: no less than 50 million Japanese visited IP, including direct access to information To account for the purpose of more than half; [China Webmaster Station]
personal site in order to achieve this flow is difficult
Chinaz.com
First, the lack of funds, compared to now amount to anything network media as well as sites operated by professional investment companies, individual owners of investment almost negligible;
Chinaz.com
Second, the lack of technical and human. because of the media station information for free to attract visits of not customers, this feature determines the type of site updates will face a huge task, one update the thousands of pieces of information are considered more. This is, for the individual owners is a serious pressure to adhere to is not easy. < br> Chinaz.com
Third, such models are relatively mature, there are strong competitors in key areas. to do integrated portal, means that you have to, and Sohu, Sina, Netease competition; to do IT, can not be avoided, and SAN FRANCISCO, ENET hh conflict seats and seize territory from them in order, you need enough courage and wisdom. [China Webmaster Station]
Based on these reasons, I was raised in the second, do not take advertising to promote individual stations, not to say totally wrong, because today's Internet has undergone profound changes, advertising is not the only model, not the best model. Of course, if after reading the above text, you still have the courage and perseverance to do the media insist on station That wxunion admire you, and made the following recommendations:
[China Webmaster Station]
1. media needs attention, and attract the eye of the method is not only full of fat advertising and cheating, good ideas will make you more effective. Check home page to see millions of foreign ideas (milliondollarhomepage.com), as well as domestic Qihoo, may give you some insights. [China Webmaster Station]
2. Do not imagine doing the information, SOHU, and SINA in previous years have often heard the sequence of court for the press release, saying he is the first release certain information, but now you can hear the news like it? development of the media so that we obtain information tends to equality of opportunity, and you can do is personalize the information processing and combination. Netease you can refer to this news channel reform, anonymous comments and Netease news channel depth reports that ,],[; rogue Yan You will never lose visitors cheated. [China Webmaster Station]
4. can make use of technical means to promote, but not cheating. Regarding the promotion of technology, I talked about in the future, but such an expert in a number of outdated , humbly ask for advice can be less ado.
[China Webmaster Station]
5. ready at running, at least one bike, sit at home and wait for advertisers.
Chinaz.com
Operation of non-advertising [China Webmaster Station]
asked before I said the Internet has become a social, and increasingly become a social, society is not only the media can not only games, so do not profit model site only limited to this. and too many models to choose from, sometimes I did not know how to write, then, I picked several terms, initiate, I am sure you will be based on individual circumstances owners to create a better model. [ ,],[Jianzhan companies do, generally only the technical maintenance, the annual costs ranging from 2000-10000. if you can on a study of an industry, perhaps you already familiar with the industry, try to explore the industry's corporate site maintenance and publicity ideas, the accumulation of certain information. then of course is to develop a consultancy-based site procedures. (if they can not find someone to help, do not try to find source station, the model I am talking about is nobody else had done most of )
Chinaz.com
site's basic functions are as follows: business users the same maintenance costs can be transferred to you, and enjoy more professional service. through your system, he can easily check that after you order and analysis of site traffic information and get more helpful hints. through the exchange system, he can ask questions about the site and get answers. You can bulk of the industry's common information collection and maintenance of all your corporate site released , so that your customers feel that they update the site at the moment. timely collection of visitors you any messages on the customer site and through E-MAIL or telephone to tell your customers.
Chinaz.com
potential Competition: Build your now mostly to small and medium companies, and most eat rice technology, the industry do not understand, do not study. If you have not the confidence to compete with them, that wxunion advise you to continue to study it in backward. Chinaz . com
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[China Webmaster Station]
site Investment: space and one each of corn, concise set of easy to use program consultant class, Paolu a used bicycle, card number box. < br> [Chinese owners points]
convince points: For many companies, their emphasis on the site is not high, except when the establishment of the station one-time investment, investment in the maintenance of small, so this money Who is to convince you, emphasized the perspective of consultants from the industry, maintenance, and that through your system he will get more benefits.
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entity service type: TV programs can contain domestic food and clothing line, but you can not go to the station to eat, buy clothes, same is true of the network, the network does not provide physical media services. While e-commerce service provider launched a powerful mode of C2C, B2C model trading platform, but not everyone is willing to spend time to complete the registration and certification process cumbersome, not everyone is accustomed to a rigid trading platform to buy. In particular, some local products, or personalized products such as handicrafts, art works, tourist souvenirs, an online trading platform for local features will be more attractive.
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operating point: Do not ask the most traffic and win customers is the most important. the best choice to arrive Payment of the courier company to ship, so it does not require customer registration and allows the buyer to avoid taking concerns.
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TIPS: In the absence of sufficient funds up e-commerce company, you'd better to self-employed industrial and commercial department for a business license, that is, the kind of stall to use, cost about 100 yuan, the monthly turnover tax, turnover is their report, reported that as little as possible, huh, huh. so even if someone check you, you just say ,],[br> Investment Analysis: A general news release system (do not use store procedure), the design reflects the regional characteristics, the main choice of other provinces and cities promote regional sites, especially at the local portal offering forums, but do not sell ads directly to hair, written or extracted from local newspapers with regional characteristics of some of the introductory article, causing the reader to sell items of interest you can. Do not expect the outset a large number of visits, as long as a customer, your income is quite in more than 100 who were ad clicks. Your 100 site visitors and in media fundamentally different. Chinaz.com
paid information service: this mode could have been said many, but there are already many people see the prospect of this model. such as online pay movies, all kinds of SMS services, payment software download. In fact, these are just the tip of the iceberg of paid information services, too much can be done in this area, and scalability too strong, accurate positioning if you choose, with appropriate propaganda techniques, a day visit 3000IP can bring about the station near million / month income.
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specific I do not write the field, leaving friends, thinking, fear my thoughts limit our ideas, use your head, think of everyone that participated directly in out discussion.
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virtual table mode: This is what I want to try the current model, being retained, not stingy, mainly its not like too well, there is no complete idea. Chinaz.com
fact, a social network, small investment, competition less, and strong expansion of the models are chosen for individual owners, wxunion individual whether or mental energy as we can not list one by one, issued several models which we mention only a thinking and wrong please forgive me .

(Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072)

 Author: Lu Weiyang (1981.11-), male, Dongyang, Zhejiang, Tianjin University School of Management Accounting Profession 2006 students in the seminar Master, research direction: International Financial Management and Practice of foreign exchange.
Abstract: Since 2002, 5 consecutive years, China's foreign trade has maintained rapid growth of more than 20% of first half of 2007 reached 980.93 billion U.S. dollars, continued to No. 3 ranked globe, foreign trade, foreign exchange risk exists must be managed effectively. Based on the exchange rate risks do a brief first volume, indicating the status of management of exchange rate risk, and through the use of financial engineering empirical analysis of foreign exchange risk management of foreign trade enterprises.
key words: financial engineering; foreign trade enterprises; foreign exchange risk
abstract: since 2002, the export and import amount has been risen with arapid rate above 20% annually.the amount in this first half year is about $ 980.93 us dollars.the foreign exchange risk in foreign trade should be effectively managed.at first, the concept of exchange rate risk has been briefly introduced.then the current situation current situation and existing problems of management of exchange rate risk is analyzed and elaborated.on this basis, the financial engineering in the application of evading the exchange rate risk faced by foreign trade enterprises has been probed into in the way of positive analysis.
key words: financial engineering; foreign trade enterprises; exchange rate risk
According to customs statistics, premature ejaculation, the first half of 2007, import and export value was 980.93 billion U.S. dollars, up 23.3 year on year %, if the retention rate of 20% according to plan, foreign trade enterprises in the first half off about 15,000 billion RMB exchange face greater exchange rate risk. Since 2002, China's foreign trade has continued to insist on more than 20% 5-year high-speed increase exchange rate risk will also be added along with the future.
a foreign exchange risk management, foreign exchange risk
overview and meaning, also known as exchange rate risk refers to the micro-economic entities engaged in foreign economic movement, debt denominated in foreign currencies or liability caused by changes in exchange rates related to the value of land or loss caused or increased. to foreign exchange risk faced by foreign trade enterprises, the main can be divided into three types: transaction risk, accounting, translation risk and economic risk. the economic risk is Because changes in exchange rates affect the number of sales, prices and costs so that the business risk of a change in balance of payments. the economic stakes are numerous and spread to corporate finance, sales, production and other aspects. Therefore, the economic risks of the various parts of the enterprise should be a unique take. Accounting risk is the disposal of enterprises in accounting and foreign currency debt, debt accounts, the cost of currency conversion on all the necessary foreign currency-denominated items that occur when assessing risk. accounting translation risk arising from the enterprise accounts at the causes of balance sheet and income statement due to exchange rate movements in some subjects and in unstable condition, while enterprises in the preparation of financial statements can only use their own currencies. so that corporate accounting statements for different subjects need to be converted into foreign currency balance the balance of local currency denominated, specific changes in exchange rates fluctuations would lead to strange statements, which led to too large or too small assessment. trading risk refers to the foreign currency transactions, because the exchange rate fluctuations lead to business accounts receivable and debt should be held on the value change risk. This is the most important foreign trade enterprises face foreign exchange risk, the enterprise after the signing of trade contracts, foreign currency denominated cash flows simply be sure, the exchange rate changes will affect the calculation of local currency cash flows. < br> to avoid exchange rate risk in practice, the coherence of the main changes in the nominal exchange rate only in the context of risk management for trading, this paper is to explore the management of transaction risk.
since the early 70s since the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, West began to withdraw foreign exchange controls diverse country, to take a floating exchange rate system, frequent fluctuations in currency exchange rates, stable amplitude, a variety of important currencies such as dollars, yen, euros, pounds is often present between the strong and weak position of mutual transformation of the situation. in China , especially since the July 21, 2005, the RMB exchange rate is no longer pegged to the U.S. dollar, start to perform the basic market supply and demand with reference to a basket of currencies, managed floating exchange rate rail system, enterprises will increasingly take greater foreign exchange exposure risk. this reform, our government will no longer be a complete exchange rate risk, followed by a continuous appreciation of the RMB exchange rate system reform and the deepening of China's foreign trade enterprises have been forced to progress in financial and foreign exchange rate risk aversion.
Second, China's foreign exchange risk management status
present, China's financial derivatives market development is also commensurate with immature, and foreign exchange related financial derivative instruments is even more scarce. the emergence of financial derivatives in China not long, only ten years history of the foreign exchange market is the main financial derivatives are forward foreign exchange transactions, forward foreign exchange settlement, foreign exchange swaps.
1992 �� 7 months, foreign exchange futures exchange in Shanghai, the first mediation center launched in Beijing after commodity exchanges futures exchange rate also appeared in the business (the U.S. dollar). The product is made with the yuan trading security payments, settlement of the transaction gains and losses, due for delivery contracts can be said that this is a disguised form of foreign exchange futures. the introduction of currency futures The market is always sluggish investment transactions, end of the year, only a mere $ 216,260,000 turnover, yet not cope spot market volume week, next year this situation has not changed .1993 July, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued a tell, the request has been established all over the body to be stagnant foreign exchange transactions, the registration review is limited to foreign exchange futures in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai's financial institutions, and import and export enterprise for the purpose of payment and foreign exchange hedging, not speculative transactions, corporate and individual foreign exchange transactions must be cash, non-speculative fictitious operations. under stricter control in this predicament, not long after the official end of the foreign exchange futures are running the pilot.
1997 �� 1 �� National Bank of China announced Interim Measures for the forward exchange settlement and sales operations, Trade Bank open this business .2004 February 4, China Banking Regulatory Commission announced a companies, financial leasing companies, auto finance corporate, and national bank branch in China) may apply to the application for the China Banking Regulatory Commission established to monitor derivatives transactions, derivatives transactions include forwards, futures, swaps ( exchange), and the existence of long-term options, futures, swaps (exchange) with the option of one or more features in the structure of financial instruments.
2005 �� 7 �� 21 onwards China began to implement a market-based reference to a basket of currencies, a managed floating exchange rate system. exchange rate reform, China to accelerate foreign exchange market, perfect and expand the main body of the RMB forward transactions and scope of August 15, 2005 launch of the China Foreign Exchange Trading away the core of foreign exchange transactions to meet the reform of RMB exchange rate system, the same year they launched a foreign exchange swaps and other financial derivatives.
of business management and financial staff on financial derivatives is absolutely strange, for lack of awareness of the foreign exchange market volatility, many potential did not cause the risks of high regard, enterprises and even fluctuations in exchange rates are a matter of course, this exchange rate fluctuations to domestic enterprises have been repeatedly violated. At the same time the foreign exchange market in China is far from perfect, the spot market is still underdeveloped, small volume , foreign exchange forward transactions and swap transactions are only part of the present in the retail market, the interbank foreign exchange forward market does not exist, and options on futures and forward foreign exchange market, so there is no suitable for corporate use of financial derivatives exchange risk management external environment.
Third, the use of financial engineering, foreign exchange risk management of foreign trade enterprises Empirical Analysis of
can trade foreign exchange risk is, you can smooth commodity, has its own value and the market. based on the level of economic entities on the risk appetite different economic agents can be divided into those who risk appetite, risk averse, the risk of breaking those. A major advantage of the financial engineering area is to avoid foreign exchange risk. financial engineering have to do is to risk and return preferences in different between the transfer and allocation, risk never were willing to risk hedging the risk transferred to the happy tune with those who suffered, or who transfer from the concentration of risk or evacuated to other investors. In a way, At this point in the larger financial institutions will bear a larger context of the risks and obligations.
foreign trade enterprises to use financial engineering to avoid foreign exchange risk is basically subject to the following criteria: at a certain cost, to keep the exchange rate fluctuations on the currency minimize economic losses, only losses from the reduction in foreign exchange risks are greater than the benefits paid to reduce the cost of risk, financial engineering is meaningful risk prevention programs, feasible, and the Guangzhou office furniture.
financial engineering tools mainly refers to financial derivatives, divided into the following four categories: forwards, futures, swaps, options. for foreign exchange risk, financial engineering construction enterprises to use financial derivative instruments, there are two main selection: one is through selling foreign exchange risk source, with a determination to replace the risk of forward foreign exchange contracts, foreign exchange futures contracts, currency swap contracts are able to do some degree of importers and exporters of qualitative supply of financial instruments; the other is for the payment by the amount of the purchase insurance, the risk of exclusion of self-defeating, has a favorable risk retained in the most exemplary financial instruments is currency options contracts. the following choices from both left, with cases of financial engineering in the field of foreign trade enterprises to avoid the application of foreign exchange risk .
(a) to replace the risk with certainty - Forward foreign exchange contracts, foreign currency futures contracts and currency swap contracts
1, long-term contracts outside the will. Forward foreign exchange transactions between the parties that agreed to by the a specific future date, according to the agreed currency, exchange rate and the amount of the settlement. forward foreign exchange transactions have the following type of two varieties: one is the forward foreign exchange transactions on schedule, the delivery date fixed; the other is scheduled for forward foreign exchange transaction, that delivery date is not fixed, allowing enterprises in a predetermined time to perform on any day within the scale of foreign exchange transactions.
Analysis: I have a set of import and export of equipment imported from Germany, to be paid in three months money ? 2,000,000. If the company did not hedge this foreign exchange risk to take any measures, but wait until after three months of the spot exchange rate to buy two million euros, then once the RMB against the euro, the symbol of the company will pay more quantitative currency to buy foreign exchange. In order to avoid loss of exchange rate changes to the company a possibility, the company can take advantage of forward exchange contracts to buy fixed-price three months after the delivery of the euro.
Similarly, if I import and export company engaged in an export business in a foreign currency to pay for the goods received in a period of time competence, then the import and export companies will face a net foreign exchange position. To avoid foreign exchange risks, the companies can sell long-term foreign currency gains .
, of course, import and export companies can partially hedge the way, for example, 50% of the purchase price for the hedge, which will halve the foreign exchange risk.
practice in foreign trade operations, foreign trade enterprises are sometimes due to ship date do not understand the causes such as the date payment is not sure at this time, you can choose the bank entered into forward exchange contracts. In this case, the Bank will assume greater risks, so the import and export companies have to pay the cost of comparable high. Forward foreign exchange contracts can be selective so that importers and exporters within the period specified in the contract options expiration date, to lock in exchange rates within a certain period of risk, in order to achieve the purpose of avoiding risk.
2, foreign exchange futures contracts. Futures is means the two parties signed an agreement to license one time in the future to a given exchange rate from the other party agreed to buy a certain amount of foreign exchange.
foreign exchange futures contract is in fact the standard form of forward foreign exchange contracts, the difference is with the scope and scale of the contract, a fixed maturity date, traded on exchanges. because of foreign exchange futures contracts and forward foreign exchange contracts very similar, for the use of foreign exchange futures to avoid foreign exchange risk in foreign trade business, in this, not repeat them.
3, the currency swap contracts. currency exchange, also known as currency swaps, is the two parties signed the agreement, approved a series of periodic payments between the principal springs of different goods and capital.
currency swap transactions for individual steps How much has the following steps: �� the opening exchange of the principal. that is the beginning of the swap transaction, two parties exchange rate according to the agreement of the principal two different currencies. �� interest rate swaps. that parties to the transaction at an agreed rate of interest the principal outstanding based on interest rate swap transaction to pay for. �� payment due once again the Japanese exchange. that the expiry date of the swap contract, parties to the transaction in exchange for the principal amount of the opening transaction.
empirical analysis : b at home and abroad enterprises to import from a rental situation in large machines and equipment, supply will always be a top issue clothing operators, clothing stores to find sources is accompanied. lease loans in the amount of euros, and now I begin to talk about how I lose weight the right thin waist, the loan conditions are: 3-year period, from the first time began to pay interest every six months, the interest rate fixed; principal from the first year of law began to equal pay, pay once a year. However, the enterprise income mostly from the dollar and the RMB, if the euro rebounded sharply against the dollar, companies will bear the heavy debt burden.
a bank is found in the international market trends participate in the transaction and more than a prerequisite for the transaction price opponent, and designed for the enterprise, the exchange rate risk aversion a practical plan: �� a temporary pad bank dollars, U.S. companies will sell, spot buying euros, the amount of loan principal of proportionality in the lease. �� Enterprise commissioned a Syrian bank to do a euro against the dollar to a fixed interest rate swap fixed-rate currency swaps installments, for the buying of euros to buy in U.S. dollars. for-dollar income for the repayment of advances by a bank. spot transactions and mutual Closing Date for the transaction as a unity day, so that banks do not actually advance to prevent credit risks. �� to the half-yearly interest payment date, the company used its own funds through a U.S. bank interest paid to counterparties, while income to the counterparty to pay interest on the euro, interest on loans used to pay rental. �� to the annual also today, the company used its own funds through a bank payment to the counterparty that sector dollars to repay the principal. also receive a counterparty should be paid to the principal repayment of that part of the euro, the provisions for repayment of loan repayment of lease that part of the euro principal. Thus, the principal transactions and loans to gradually reduce the residual pay until all.
the import enterprises currency swap will be replaced by the euro dollar loans loan debt changing from one currency into another currency, a great victory to avoid foreign exchange risk.
currency swaps to effectively regulate the currency structure of assets and liabilities, the conversion of foreign currency debt-based currency debt, to avoid the field of trade finance to exchange rate fluctuations.
(b) to dispel the risk of self-defeating, remain on the already favorable risk - foreign exchange options contracts
foreign exchange option contracts is Buyers have the option on or before the due date in the contract agreement by a certain amount of a foreign currency exchange trading rights to the assets. foreign exchange options contracts is the power given to the option buyer, not the task of the contract the buyer can exercise the option on or before the due date, or abandoned the implementation of choice options. Indeed, the buyer was to obtain such a right must be paid to Seller's expense, the cost of insurance premiums or options.
empirical analysis: a consignment to be imported foreign trade companies, the company will be in three months after the payment to the foreign exporters $ 5,000,000, assuming only this time holding the hands of the yen, foreign trade companies, and the strong yen, a weaker dollar. the company's future financial staff analyzes foreign exchange movements and speculation: one month , due to the United States will take a series of measures to improve the trade balance, which the U.S. dollar may appreciate, the company should buy as soon as possible on the dollar in the spot market, so in the future exchange rate changes brought about by the growth in import costs. But taking into account the financial staff many factors affect the foreign exchange market, foreign exchange is difficult to correctly predict the trend after three months. Therefore, the resolution of financial staff to buy dollars in foreign exchange options approach.
trading content: buy USD $ 5,000,000 call option agreement
Price: $ 1: ? 100
option expense: 1.0 yen / dollar
option period: 3 months
if a month later, the U.S. trade balance turned to further improvement, the dollar exchange rate rose $ 1 more than 105 yen, to buy the company to exercise the right to 1:100 dollar bought 500 million, its profit and loss situation is as follows:
actual financing capital: 500t (100 1) = 5.05 �� ��Ԫ
cost than the current price frugal: 500t (105-101) = 2000 �� ��Ԫ
if within three months, the dollar to 1 U.S. dollar = 95 yen, the company can waive the option, buying U.S. dollars at market exchange rates, only 475 million yen, coupled with premium five million yen, a total of just 480 million yen, to save 020 million yen.
If during this period, the dollar has not changed, the foreign company can exercise the option can also give up options, and direct purchase of U.S. dollars at market exchange rates, the maximum loss is the option premium, but 5 million yen, did not experience any loss of exchange rate changes.
this way, the company pays a premium in adverse changes in exchange rates to avoid risks and achieve long-term preservation purposes; a favorable change in the exchange rate, not only can effectively overcome the limitations of forward foreign exchange hedging, but also may obtain a larger income.
the other hand, there are far foreign exchange earnings of exporters, to pay a premium by buying put options, foreign exchange risk in the lock, while a favorable exchange rate changes can keep the profits when the opportunity to achieve their maximum benefit.
foreign trade companies, foreign exchange options can be due to exchange rate movements may cause the risk of infinite loss transferred to the seller of the option, the purpose of arrival to avoid exchange rate risk. There are three other preservation methods compare the strengths of frustration: first, the foreign exchange risk to foreign trade enterprises limited to the option premium; Second, foreign trade enterprises can save the profit opportunities; Third, strengthen risk management of foreign trade enterprise mobility.
these cases is nothing but only in the foreign exchange risk management, financial engineering of the most simple use. financial engineers can apply the financial engineering of the structure and composition, the actual situation of the United importers and exporters of traditional products and derivative financial arrangement and combination products, such as swap options, futures, options, etc., development, design a new financial instruments and wrist, satisfied the needs of a variety of risk management.
that has ceased to participate in language
wto, trade and economic development of our country has brought great opportunities, but also making China's foreign trade enterprises, the special is still lessons remain in the blind based on the subjective resolution of any foreign exchange risk on its nature, based on the precautionary approach does not use any state-owned foreign trade enterprises, to prevent foreign exchange risk has become imminent in the sooner the better.
today's world, Western countries have relaxed or even abolition of exchange controls, frequent fluctuations in international foreign exchange market exchange rate and amplitude, in the world set off a wave of financial ease in the tide once and for all foreign exchange risk, facing domestic and foreign trade enterprises the huge losses caused by foreign exchange fluctuations possible. full of urgent need to develop financial engineering, adequate and effective use of financial engineering to solve day foreign exchange risk.
Indeed, the development of financial engineering, must be fully appropriate to the country's financial and economic state of the facts China is in the era of economic transition, financial engineering is not just pure combination of financial and skills, but should be a new concept and the reform of financial effectiveness point of view.
References:
[1] shapiro ca foundations of multinational financial management [m]. prentice hal.1998
[2] Hu Yang. RMB appreciation situations multinational companies in China's foreign exchange risk control [j]. Asia Pacific Economy, 2006; (4): 105 ~ 107
[3] Jiang Yuqing. multinationals and foreign exchange risk management [j]. Financial Securities, 2006; (9): 91 ~ 92